 THE TAURIAN INTRABREED TYPE OF THE ASCANIAN MERINO BREED THE ASCANIAN BREED TYPE OF THE PROLIFIC KARAKUL SHEEP THE ASCANIAN MEAT-WOOL BREED OF SHEEP WITH CROSSBRED WOOL
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The authors: H.K. Danylenko, M.V. Shtompel, T.H. Bolotova, I.D. Kozlov, V.A. Levinskyi, Z.T. Plotnikova, H.I. Ivashchenko, V.P. Nikitin et al.
The type was created in the period of 1979–1993 by means of crossing ewes of the Ascanian Merino breed with the Australian Merino rams of the " strong "» type having wool fineness of quality 60 and 58 and partly with the " medium " rams having wool fineness of quality 64.
The authors: Cand. Sci. (Agriculture) I.L. Perehon and R.A. Hlubochanska
The Ascanian breed type of has been bred on the Experimental Farm of the Institute of Animal Breeding in Steppe Regions " Ascania Nova " with the method of reproductive crossing of sheep of the Karakul and the Romanov breeds (the Author Certificate 1479). The sheep produce black lambskins and are characterized by good adjustment to conditions the South of Ukraine, higher prolificacy (158-193%), strong constitution, large live mass (83-98 kg in rams, 57-63 kg in ewes, and 5.0-6.0 kg in single lambs, 3.5-4.0 kg in twins, and 3.0-3.5 kg in triplets at birth), and the 85-93% output of the first sort lambskins. Large lambskins (1719 cm2 in singles, 1613 cm2 in twins, and 1328 cm2 in triplets) have light inner side of the hide, short hair, long and roll curls of the average width (4-8 cm), silky and brilliant hair side and conform to the standard of the thoroughbred Karakul. By the exterior and constitution the Prolific Karakul sheep are similar to the thoroughbred Karakul sheep. They have large pear-like trunk, extended, somewhat hook-nosed head, large and hanging ears, high, strong, and thin legs covered with brilliant wave fleece wool. Most rams have spiroid horns, hornless rams occur. Ewes are mainly hornless. The tail is extended near the root, being a wide fat pillow resembling a hanging triangle with fat supply of 10-15 kg fat and ending with a long thin outgrowth of the S-shaped form. The wool is coarse, heterogeneous, staple structure, being by the standard of he second class and partly of the first. Unwashed wool clip is 2.5-3.0 kg and 4.5-5.0 kg in ewes and rams, respectively. At the age of 1.5 years live mass is 45-50 kg and 60-65 kg in ewes and rams, respectively. Milkiness in ewes having twin lambs is 189 kg for 120 days of lactation. On average the milk contains 7.0 % of fat, 6.5 % of protein, 5.0 % of lactose, and 0.93 % of ash. The high milkiness in the suckling period enables to rear per ewe two lambs with the average live mass 25-28 kg at weaning. Meat productivity in lambs at weaning is high testifying their high meat precocity. Live mass before slaughtering at the age of 4 months is 27.1 kg, mass of fresh-killed carcass is 12.7 kg, slaughter output is 47.6 %, output of chop meat is 76.9 %, and meat coefficient is 3.3. The indices of meat productivity in the 9-months lambs are also high enough and meet the requirements of adult sheep carcasses. Thus, live mass before slaughter at this age is 38.9 kg, mass of fresh-killed carcass is 19.4 kg, slaughter output is 50.0 %, output of chop meat is 80.5 %, and meat coefficient is 3.9. The Ascanian Prolific sheep of the black colour have in their structure a row of lambskin types of which the most valuable ones are jacket, ribbed, and flat. Each of them has its genetic characteristics. The desired lambskin types make up approximately two thirds. The Prolific Karakul sheep are bred on farms of various patterns of ownership in Kherson, Odesa, and Chernivtsi Provinces. The total number of the sheep is 29,800, including 8,400 animals in the subjects of breeding business of which 6,300 animals are ewes and gimmers of the age more than one year. The most valuable gene pool is concentrated on three breeding farms: the State Enterprise Experimental Farm " Markeyev " in Chaplynka District of Kherson Province, the Private Enterprise " M.O. Posmitnyi Agrofirm " in Berezivka District and the Agricultural Production Cooperative " Yahorlyk " in Krasni Okny District of Odesa Province.
The authors: Hreben L.K., Polska P.I., Kalashchuk H.P., Shalamay L.P., Chepur V.K., Chernomyz T.O., Turynskyi V.M., Melnyk Yu.F., Shynkarenko M.D. et al.
The breed was created during 1976–2000 and approved by the State Expert Commission in 2000. It consists of five intrabreed types: the Ascanian crossbreds, the Ascanian type of the Black-Head sheep with crossbred wool, the Odesa, Bukovyna, and Dnipropetrovsk types, eight genealogical lines and 26 related groups. It is bred in 10 provinces of Ukraine and in the AR of Crimea. Meat and commodity milk production per ewe is 50-65 kg, and 40-80 kg, respectively. Genetic potential of prolificacy is 135-145 %, being maximally 183 %. Crossbred clean wool clip is 3.0-50 kg. The breeding base of the new breed is concentrated on five breeding farms and 15 breeding reproducers. The leading breeding farms and breeding reproducers are " Ascania Nova " and " Markeyev " in Kherson Province, " Viktoriya " and " Nadiya " in Odesa Provnce, " Berestia " and " Vatutin " in Chernivtsi Province. The prominent genetic types of especially high breeding value the Ascanian Crossbreds and the Ascanian Black-Head sheep are generating genetic basis of the breed, providing its progress. In 2000 the Sate Expert Commission acknowledged just these intrabreed types to be unique with principlally new combination of the basic selection characters, having no analogues in the world sheep breeding. They are native improving gene pool both for creating new breeds and types and for forming export potential of breeding resources of pedigrees of especially high genetic value and competitiveness of the sheep breeding branch in Ukraine. The Ascanian Crossbreds and the Ascanian Black-Head sheep were bred on the Experimental Farm " Ascania Nova " during 1965–1975. Improvement of the selection kernel of the intensive types of meat-wool sheep of the Ascanian selection was carried out during 1976–2000 by means of the method of deep selection in small closed populations developed by P.I. Polska. The method provides heterogeneity and efficiency of synthetic selection. Sheep of the Ascanian Meat-Wool breed due to constitutional durability are characterized by high adaptive ability providing their prominent endurance and successful rehabilitation observed during the last five years. Rams are used as state improving gene pool to change the direction of sheep breeding in Ukraine from wool to meat-wool and for industrial, variable, and reproductive crossing in order to form competitiveness of the branch.
The Institute of Animal Breeding " Ascania-Nova " © 2008
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